Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Past, Present, and Future – Cureus

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One of the most fascinating parts of the human body, the brain, has long piqued the interest of scientists and researchers. The scientific world has never really understood how to create a flawless model that mimics the human brain [1]. For many years, scientists have been working tirelessly to advance “artificial intelligence” (AI) [2]. John McCarthy originally introduced this field of applied computer science known as artificial intelligence in 1956 [3]. It is, at times, called machine intelligence [2]. The “fourth industrial revolution,” often known as artificial intelligence, employs computer technology to imitate critical thinking, decision-making, and intelligent behavior that is similar to that of humans [3].

In computer science, the study of an intelligent medium, or any machine that understands its surroundings and acts in a way that maximizes its chances of successfully reaching its goals, is referred to as AI research. The word “AI” is used when the computer imitates analytical functions, such as “learning and problem-solving”, that humans frequently associate with other human brains [4]. AI techniques have demonstrated excellent capabilities and capacities in recognizing important data patterns, leading to extensive experimentation with them as clinical trial tools, specifically to assist in decision-making for prognosis and projection, as well as each phase of diagnosis and subsequent therapy [4]. AI has been demonstrated to increase accuracy, efficiency, and precision on par with medical experts more quickly and affordably [3].

Our daily lives are already being impacted by it, thanks to various office and practice management software. Siri, Alexa, and other voice command devices are just a few examples of applications that have built intelligent conversational user interfaces for any device, application language, or environment using artificial intelligence [4]. Virtual and physical (that is robotics) AI are both applicable in the field of health care. The mathematical formulae for medication dosage, diagnosis and prognosis, appointment scheduling, drug interactions, electronic health records, and imaging are the main arena of the virtual type. The physical aspect includes rehabilitation, telepresence, robotic support in surgery, and companionable robots for elderly care [3].

The majority of dental applications employ supervised learning, where the training data consists of a large number of samples, each with different characteristics or features (such as pictures of the patient, their sex, age, how many cavities they have, and so on) and determination of ground truth (e.g., whether there was a previous endodontic visit or not) [3]. The biological neuron system with a large number of connections of neurons that are utilized in “learning” is mimicked by artificial neural networks (ANNs) and is used by its algorithm to comprehend the relationship between attributes and the ground truth [3].

By developing solutions to different clinical problems, thereby making physicians’ work easier, artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize the medical and dental disciplines [3]. Applications of AI in the dental industry are not routine yet. However, the development of these technologies has had an impact on robotic assistance, dental image diagnostics, caries detection, radiography and pathology, and electronic recordkeeping [3]. In line with the expansion of other dental specialties, endodontic AI research has increased. Regarding the use of AI, endodontists’ expertise has to be updated [3]. As a result, this review aims to put forth the literature on the applications of Artificial Intelligence in all dental sectors, especially in endodontics, for diagnosis, making clinical decisions and forecasting successful therapy, as well as to find any present limitations in the usage of AI.

Artificial intelligence, a major invention that imitates human cognitive capabilities, has captured the attention of scientists all around the world [5]. The core component of artificial intelligence technology is a neural network that is …….

Source: https://www.cureus.com/articles/104972-artificial-intelligence-in-dentistry-past-present-and-future

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